Elements and Performance Criteria
- Explain common thermodynamic principles
- Desired System International (SI) units applicable to thermodynamic calculations are developed
- Basic properties of fluids are outlined
- Gauge pressure is distinguished from absolute pressure
- Temperature is defined and temperature scales are outlined
- Calculations are performed by applying formulae for work, power and efficiency
- Calculate properties of gas during expansion and compression
- Calculations are performed by applying Boyle’s, Charles’s and combined gas law
- Gas equation is derived and applied to gas process calculations
- Specific heat of gases and the relationship between Cp, Cv, R and Gamma is defined
- Heat transfer is calculated for constant pressure and constant volume processes
- Isothermal, adiabatic and polytropic processes are outlined and properties of gases after expansion and compression including the effects of turbocharging are calculated
- Work required to compress gases is illustrated and calculated
- Explain methods of heat transfer
- Explain enthalpy and apply to mixture calculations
- Heat energy is defined
- Fundamental formula for heat energy transfer is developed
- Specific heat and its application are identified
- Enthalpy and change of phase are outlined
- Heat mixture problems involving water equivalent, ice, water and steam are solved
- Specific heat of materials are calculated
- Latent heat and dryness fraction are identified
- Steam tables are used to find values of enthalpy for water, saturated and superheated steam and dryness fraction
- Temperature/enthalpy diagram is constructed from steam table data
- Explain steam plants and calculate thermal efficiency
- Basic steam plant cycles are sketched and function of each component is outlined
- Steam cycles on a temperature/enthalpy diagram are illustrated
- Effects of superheating and under cooling are clarified
- Calculations are performed for heat supplied, rejected, work and thermal efficiency of a steam plant
- Methods of improving cycle efficiency are outlined
- Explain operation of internal combustion engine cycles
- Operating principles of two stroke and four stroke internal combustion engines are outlined
- Differentiation is made, by use of a pressure/volume diagram, between Otto, Diesel and Dual combustion cycles
- Mean effective pressure is calculated from an indicator diagram
- Indicated power formula is developed and related calculations are solved
- Specific fuel consumption is defined and calculated
- Ideal cycle and air standard efficiency is defined
- Explain operating cycle of reciprocating air compressors
- Pressure/volume diagram is used to describe operating cycle of single stage reciprocating air compressors
- Mass of air delivered by single stage reciprocating air compressors is calculated
- Clearance volume and its effect on volumetric efficiency is outlined, and volumetric efficiency is calculated
- Work per cycle for isothermal and polytropic processes is calculated
- Explain operating cycle of refrigeration and air conditioning plant
- Principle of refrigeration is outlined
- Temperature/enthalpy and pressure/enthalpy diagrams are compared
- Refrigerants used in refrigeration and air conditioning machines are identified
- Refrigeration effect and plant capacity are defined
- Refrigeration tables are used to calculate refrigeration effect and condition of vapour after expansion
- Operating cycle of self-contained and centralised air conditioning systems are outlined and compared
- Relative humidity is defined and key features of a psychrometric chart are outlined
- Apply linear, superficial and volumetric expansion equations to calculate expansion of liquids and metals